Andra Händelser:

• Bott i: 1280, Norge

Noteringar:

Torleif var son till kung Harold II, som var kung på Isle of Man 1249-1250.
Torleif var också gift med Maud/Magnhild, som var dotter till Olof II den Svarte, som var kung på Isle of Man 1226-1237.
Mauds halvbroder Magnus blev 1252-1265 den siste norske kungen på Isle of Man.

I stilleståndstraktaten från år 1295 på Hindsgavl slott vid Lilla Bält mellan kung Erik Menved (1274-1319) av Danmark och Erik Magnusson (1268-1299) av Norge från 1295 är det nämnt en Torlack Skenck mellan garanterna (som nr 17 av 23) på norsk sida, som kan vara ett fel för Torleif Skanke. Han kan därmed duga bra som far till Hallstein Torleifsson (?) Flera av de norska garanterna har varit svåra att identifiera. (Regesta Norvegica II, nr 790)

För att värja Söderöarna (Hebriderna) mot den skotske kungens attacker drog den norske kungen Håkon den Äldre, (1204-1263), år 1263 västerut med en flotta. Han led dock ett nederlag vid Largs (väster om Glasgow, Skottland), och Håkon dog i Kirkwall på Orkneyöarna på väg hem. Sonen, den redan krönte Magnus VI Lagaböter, (1238-1280), satt då hemma i Norge. Varken han eller hans rådkrets ville fortsätta krigföringen mot skottarna om makten över Isle of Man. Att försöka besegra skottarna med vapenmakt ansågs inte möjligt, varför man ville åstadkomma ett avtal med skottarna. Befolkningen på Isle of Man var inte villig att ge någon militär hjälp och dessutom pressade den engelska kungen på om en fred mellan Norge och Skottland.

Förhandlingarna resulterade i ett avtal år 1266 i Perth (ligger vid en vik ovanför Edinburgh, Skottland).
Den norske kungen, Magnus VI, avstod då från Isle of Man och Söderöarna till den skotske kungen mot att denne erkände norrmännens herradöme över Orkneyöarna och Hjaltland (Shetland). Skottarna betalade dessutom en engångsavgift på 4000 mark sterling och lovade dessutom årliga avgifter om 100 mark. I samband med denna fred, ordnade man sannolikt sysselsättning i Norge för de överblivna tronkandidaterna på Isle of Man.

De politiska banden kom senare att stärkas genom att den norske tronföljaren Erik II "Prästhatare" Magnusson år 1280 blev gift med den skotska prinsessan Margreta.

Deras 6-åriga dotter Margreta blev erkänd som skotsk drottning då den skotska tronen blev ledig 1291.

Samtidigt blev det avtalat om giftermål mellan den norska prinsessan och den engelska tronarvingen Edvard II. Detta avtal kunde dock inte realiseras, då den norska prinsessan avled 1290 under överfarten till Skottland; hon kallades Oueen Margaret the Maid of Norway, skotsk regent 1286-1290.

1275 slog skotske kungen Alexander III ner ett uppror på Isle of Man och 575 av den manliga befolkningen på Isle of Man stupade. En tid efter nederlaget emigrerade Torleifs son Hallsten till Norge och hans moder Maud säges ha följt efter 1292. Då är sannolikt Torleif redan död; okontrollerade uppgifter säger att han var död i Skottland 1290.

Tiden fram till 1333 blev en orolig tid för befolkningen på Isle of Man, eftersom England och Skottland ideligen kämpade om herraväldet över öarna.
Torleif och Magnhild hade också sönerna Tore, Lodin, Kolbjörn och Botolf, vilka jag dock inte i övrigt hittat några uppgifter om. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys) och (Fra Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young, 1986) och (När hände vad i Nordens historia, Rosborn, Schimanski).

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Källa:
-Björn Espell Frösön
-Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young
 

Torleif gift Magnhild OF ISLE OF MAN 1265 i Isle of Man, England. Magnhild (dotter till Olof "the Black" Gudrödsson OF ISLE OF MAN och Christina ROSS) föddes 1230 i Isle of Man, England; dog 1295 i Trondhjem, Sør-Trøndelag, Norge. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

1. Hallstein TORLEIFSSON föddes 1272 i Isle of Man, England; dog 1345 i Steinkjer, Tröndelag, Norge.

Andra Händelser:

• Bott i: 1250, Norge

Noteringar:

Harold var Kung på Isle of Man, England 1249-1250.

In the year 1249, Reginald (II) began to reign on the 6th of May, and on the 30th of the same month, he was slain by the knight Ivar and his accomplices, in a meadow near the church of the Holy Trinity at Rushen. He was buried in the church of St. Mary of Rushen. After his death Harold, son of Godred Don, began to reign in Man. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

1249, Harold, the son of Godred Don, usurping the name and dignity of king in Man, drove out nearly all the chiefs of Harold, Olave's son, and in their stead made the fugitives who had joined him chiefs and nobles. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 46)

In 1250, when Harold was summoned to Norway, he acted still in the capacity of trustee or vicegerent, with which he had been invested by King Hácon, in bringing the third son of King Olaf to Man, supported by a Norwegian force. He wounded, however, the sensibility of the Manx in making use of his royal title, and the Chronicle relates how the enterprise failed. After that time it seems that Eogan resigned the title as well as his allegiance to Norway; because, in a letter still preserved, issued by him in the year 1251, he styles himself only 'Eogan, knight, son of Duncan of Argyle'; and in 1263 he appears as the subject and decided partizan of Alexander III. We learn, however, from the Saga, that not till then did he resign his fiefs. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 46)

There seems to have been a conspiration between Harold the son of Godred and Sir Ivar, because, in a letter issued by King Henry of England on the 21st of April 1256, an order is given to all authorities not to receive Harold or Ivar, who had shame-fully murdered King Reginald, nor their accomplices of this Sir Ivar, however, nothing more is known, maybe he belonged to the royal family of the Isles. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 45)

In the year 1275, on the 7th day of the month of October, a fleet of the Lord Alexander King of Scotland, put into Ronaldsway, and on the following day, before sunrise, a battle was fought between the Manxmen and the Scots, in which the Scots prevailing slew 537 Manxmen. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

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Källa:
- Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young
- Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, P. A. Munch

Noteringar:

Kung 1230 på Isle of Man, England.

Olaf (Svarte) and Godred (son of Reginald) arrived 1230 together in the Norwegian fleet, and immediately divided the kingdom between themselves. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 37)

Godred Don har varit kung på Isle of Man, och jag bedömer att han varit medregent 1230 till Olof II Gudrödsson, som var kung 1226-1237. (Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Hull, England).

Noteringar:

Kung på Isle of Man, England 1187-1226.

In the year 1187, on the 10th of November, Godred, King of the Isles, died in the Island of St. Patrick, in Man. In the beginning of the following summer his body was removed to the Island called lona. He left three sons, Reginald, Olave, and Ivan. Reginald, then a full grown young man, was absent in the Isles. Olave, yet a very young boy, resided in Man. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Godred during his life had appointed Olave to succeed to the kingdom, for the inheritance belonged to him by right, because he was born of lawful wedlock; and had commanded all the people of Man to appoint Olave king after his own death, and preserve inviolate their oath of allegiance. How ever, after the death of Godred, the Manxmen sent their messengers to the Isles for Reginald, and made him king, be cause he was a man of energy and of riper age. For they dreaded the weakness of Olave, for he was but a boy ten years old, and they considered that a person, who on account of his tender age, knew not how to direct himself, would be wholly incapable of governing his subjects. This was the reason why the people of Man appointed Reginald king. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

A struggle took place between Reginald Godredson and Olaf Godredson II. Reginald elder, but declared illegitimate. Olaf, younger, claiming legitimate succession. (Frances Coakley)

In the year 1205, John de Courcy, recovering his strength, collected a large force, and was accompanied by Reginald, King of the Isles, with nearly one hundred ships, to Ulster. Putting into the port called Strangford, they laid siege, but carelessly, to the fort of Rath. Walter do Lacy came upon them with a large army, and totally routed them; aiid after that time John do Courcy never recovered his pos sessions. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Reginald gave his brother Olave a certain island called Lewis, which is said to be more extensive than the other islands, but thinly peopled, because it is mountainous and rocky, and almost totally unfit for cultivation. The inhabitants live mostly by hunting and fishing. Olave took possession of this island and dwelt there; living, how ever, very scantily. Finding that the island could not support himself and his followers, he went frankly to his brother Reginald, who was then residing in the Isles, and spoke to him as follows: You know, my brother and king, that the kingdom of the Isles was mine by hereditary right, but as the Lord chose you for its governor, I do not grudge it you, nor am I discontented because you have been raised to the supreme dignity of king. I now therefore beg that you will allot me hand somewhere in the Isles sufficient for my own decent maintenance and that of my followers, for the island of Lewis which you gave me is unequal to my support. When Reginald had heard this, he promised to take advice on the subject, and return an answer to the petition next day. When next day had dawned, and Olave had conic by summons, to speak with the king, Reginald ordered him to be seized, bound, and carried in chains to William, King of Scotland, to be kept prisoner by that Sovereign. This order was executed, and Olave remained prisoner with the King of Scotland nearly seven years. In the seventh year, William, king of Scotland, died, and was succeeded by his son Alexander. Before his death, however, William gave directions for the liberation of all who were confined in his prisons. Olave then, having his chains removed, and being restored to liberty, went to Man to his brother Reginald, and shortly afterwards set out with a considerable attendance of men of rank for the shrine of St. James. Returning from the pilgrimage, he again visited his brother Reginald, by whom he was received in a friendly manner. At that time Reginald caused his brother Olave to marry Lanon' the daughter of a certain man of rank of Kintyre, sister to his own wife, and gave him the afore said island of Lewis, whether Olave, taking leave of his brother, went with his wife, amid dwelt there. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

A short time 1225 after this, Reginald received from the people of Man 100 merks under the pretence of going to the court of the Lord King of England, but he went to the court of Alan, Lord of Galloway. At the same time he gave his daughter in marriage to the son of Alan. When the Manxmen heard of this they were greatly incensed, and sending for Olave appointed him king. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

In 1228 Alan of Galloway invaded the Isle of Man and fought a sea-war against Norway in support of Reginald, Prince of Man, who was engaged in a fratricidal struggle with his brother Olaf for possession of the island. Alan died in 1234 and is buried at Dundrennan Abbey in Galloway. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

En dotter utan namn blev gift med Thomas av Galloway. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, doc 55)

Ragnvald gift NN OF KINTYRE 1186. NN (dotter till Kenneth (Ruaídrí) OF ARGYLL) föddes 1170 i Kintyre, Skottland; dog 1230 i Isle of Man, England. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Noteringar:

Drottning på Isle of Man, England.

But the wife of King Reginald, Queen of the Isles, pained by the separation of her sister from Olave, and moved by the gall of bitterness, and sower of all the discord between Reginald and Olave, wrote secretly in the name of King Reginald, to her son Godred, who was in the isle of Sky, to seize and kill Olave. Godred, on receipt of the letter, collected a force and went to Lewis for the purpose of carrying out, if he could, his mother's truly wicked desires. Olave, however, entering a small boat, with a few men, with difficulty avoided Godred, and fled to his father-in-law, the Earl of Ross, whilst Godred laid waste nearly the whole island, killed a few of the inhabitants, and returned home. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

At that time Reginald caused his brother Olave to marry Lanon' the daughter of a certain man of rank of Kintyre, sister to his own wife, and gave him the afore said island of Lewis, whether Olave, taking leave of his brother, went with his wife, amid dwelt there. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Know you not that you lived long with the cousin of her whom you now have as your wife ? Olave did not deny the truth of what had been said, and acknowledged that he had long kept her cousin as a concubine. A synod therefore was assembled, and in it bishop Reginald canonically separated Olave the son of Godred and Lauon his wife. Afterwards, Olave married Christina, daughter of Fenquhard, Earl of Ross. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

The grounds for this annulment were that Olaf had previously kept a first cousin of his wife as a concubine and was therefore, technically, committing incest. This seems an extremely nice distinction for mediaval Gaeldom, and the requel to this story probably explains the real motive. On being released from his first marriage to Lauon, a daughter of a nobleman in Kintyre, Olaf married Christina the daughter of Ferchar earl of Ross. Lauon's father is nowhere named in our sources, but it is likely that he was Ruaídrí son of Rognvald son of Somerled who ruled Kintyre in the early thirteenth century. Ruaídrí appears to have lost his lands, and perhaps his life, in the course of the Scottish king Alexander II's expedition(s) to the west in 1221 and/or 1222. Following its account of Olaf's marriage to Christina, the Chronicle tells us that Laon's sister, queen to king Rognvald, provoked Rognvald's son Godred into attacking his uncle Olaf. Despite initial discomfiture, Olaf, with the helf of earl Ferchar, overcame his nephew. This incident is dated to the year 1223. The dating would suggest that it was the collapse of Ruaídrí's position in Kintyre that led Olaf, now based in the North, to seek a more appropriate ally in Ferchar. If this interpretation of events is correct then we should see bishop Rognvald as the tool of Olaf's policy rather than as an officious reformer. It would be interesting to know whether the Mac Ruaídrís owed their later position of strength in Garmoran and the Long Island to Olaf's patronage." Her får vi interessante antydninger om slektstilhørighet for Lauon og hennes søster som føres tilbake til Somerled. Han var gift med Ragnhild datter av Olav Gudrødson og Ingebjørg. Ingebjørg var igjen datter of Håkon, jarl på Orknøyene. (The diocese of Sudreyar i boken Ecclesia Nidrosiensis 1153-1537, Alex Woolf)