Noteringar:

Godred during his life had appointed Olave to succeed to the kingdom, for the inheritance belonged to him by right, because he was born of lawful wedlock; and had commanded all the people of Man to appoint Olave king after his own death, and preserve inviolate their oath of allegiance. How ever, after the death of Godred, the Manxmen sent their messengers to the Isles for Reginald, and made him king, because he was a man of energy and of riper age. For they dreaded the weakness of Olave, for he was but a boy ten years old, and they considered that a person, who on account of his tender age, knew not how to direct himself, would be wholly incapable of governing his subjects. This was the reason why the people of Man appointed Reginald king. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Know you not that you lived long with the cousin of her whom you now have as your wife ? Olave did not deny the truth of what had been said, and acknowledged that he had long kept her cousin as a concubine. A synod therefore was assembled, and in it bishop Reginald canonically separated Olave the son of Godred and Lauon his wife. Afterwards, Olave married Christina, daughter of Fenquhard, Earl of Ross. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

In the year 1187, on the 10th of November, Godred, King of the Isles, died in the Island of St. Patrick, in Man. In the beginning of the following summer his body was removed to the Island called lona (ett kloster på inre Hebriderna). He left three sons, Reginald, Olave, and Ivar. Reginald, then a full grown young man, was absent in the Isles. Olave, yet a very young boy, resided in Man. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Olof var även gift med Christina, dr till Ferguard, jarl av Ross, Skottland, hon var hans tredje hustru. Young menar att äktenskapet med Cristina av Ross stod 1223 eller kort tidigare. (Fra Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young, 1986)

Olaf (Svarte) and Godred (son of Reginald) arrived 1230 together in the Norwegian fleet, and immediately divided the kingdom between them-selves. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 37)

Olof II Gudrödsson anses vara den förste kände, som förde det egendomliga och sällsynta vapnet med sina tre springande ben. Vapnet finns avbildat på Isle of Mans statssvärd, som traditionellt tillskrives Olof. Detta fordrar en datering till omkring 1230. Experter från Brittish Museum har daterat svärdet till omkring 1250. (Jämten 1969, C. R. Carlsson)

Olaf II of the Isle of Man, also known as Olaf the Black, was King of the Isle of Man from 1229-1237. Olaf was the son of Godred V and Findguala from Ireland, and the half-brother of his predecessor, Ragnald. His younger brother Ragnald IV usurped his succession to the throne and it was only after years of campaigning against his brother's rule that Olaf killed him and took the throne in the year 1229. On the other hand, sources maintain that Findguala was his father's third and last wife, which would presumably make Olav as the younger brother. He however was the intended successor by his father. Olaf was driven out of Man by Alan, Lord of Galloway and forced to flee to Norway for assistance. In early 1230 Olaf and his nephew, Godred Donn, sailed from Norway in a fleet commanded by Gilla Esbuig mac Dubgaill. The fleet of 12 ships was strengthened by 20 more as the fleet stopped at Orkney on its way to the west coast of Scotland. According to saga accounts the fleet had grown to about 80 ships and over 3000 men by the time it entered the Firth of Clyde in around June. The force invaded the Isle of Bute and captured Rothesay Castle which was held by the powerful Stewart dynasty. The sagas tell of how the Norwegian force hewed the wall with their axes, because it was soft. Gilla Esbuig, who was severly wounded in the siege of Rothesay Castle, soon died and was buried in Iona. It was after the death of Gilla Esbuig mac Dubgaill that Olaf took command of the fleet and by Autumn had took control of Man with ease. Olaf died in the year 1237 at Peel Castle. He was succeeded by his son, who became Harald I of the Isle of Man. Later, Olaf's younger son became king Magnus II. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Reginald (IV) gave his brother Olave (II, the Black) a certain island called Lewis, which is said to be more extensive than the other islands, but thinly peopled, because it is mountainous and rocky, and almost totally unfit for cultivation. The inhabitants live mostly by hunting and fishing. Olave took possession of this island and dwelt there; living, how ever, very scantily. Finding that the island could not support himself and his followers, he went frankly to his brother Reginald, who was then residing in the Isles, and spoke to him as follows: You know, my brother and king, that the kingdom of the Isles was mine by hereditary right, but as the Lord chose you for its governor, I do not grudge it you, nor am I discontented because you have been raised to the supreme dignity of king. I now therefore beg that you will allot me hand somewhere in the Isles sufficient for my own decent maintenance and that of my followers, for the island of Lewis which you gave me is unequal to my support. When Reginald had heard this, he promised to take advice on the subject, and return an answer to the petition next day. When next day had dawned, and Olave had conic by summons, to speak with the king, Reginald ordered him to be seized, bound, and carried in chains to William, King of Scotland, to be kept prisoner by that Sovereign. This order was executed, and Olave remained prisoner with the King of Scotland nearly seven years. In the seventh year, William, king of Scotland, died, and was succeeded by his son Alexander. Before his death, however, William gave directions for the liberation of all who were confined in his prisons. Olave then, having his chains removed, and being restored to liberty, went to Man to his brother Reginald, and shortly afterwards set out with a considerable attendance of men of rank for the shrine of St. James. Returning from the pilgrimage, he again visited his brother Reginald, by whom he was received in a friendly manner. At that time Reginald caused his brother Olave to marry Lanon' the daughter of a certain man of rank of Kintyre, sister to his own wife, and gave him the afore said island of Lewis, whether Olave, taking leave of his brother, went with his wife, amid dwelt there. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys).

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Källor:
- Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, P. A. Munch
- Fra Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young

Olof gift Lawon OF KINTYRE 1215, och skildes 1220. Lawon (dotter till Kenneth (Ruaídrí) OF KINTYRE, dotter till Kenneth (Ruaídrí) OF ARGYLL) föddes 1175 i Kintyre, Skottland; dog 1240 i Kintyre, Skottland. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Olof gift Christina ROSS 1233. Christina (dotter till Ferquard OF ROSS) föddes 1200 i Ross, Skottland; dog 1250 i Isle of Man, England. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Noteringar:

Kung på Isle of Man, England 1187-1226.

In the year 1187, on the 10th of November, Godred, King of the Isles, died in the Island of St. Patrick, in Man. In the beginning of the following summer his body was removed to the Island called lona. He left three sons, Reginald, Olave, and Ivan. Reginald, then a full grown young man, was absent in the Isles. Olave, yet a very young boy, resided in Man. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Godred during his life had appointed Olave to succeed to the kingdom, for the inheritance belonged to him by right, because he was born of lawful wedlock; and had commanded all the people of Man to appoint Olave king after his own death, and preserve inviolate their oath of allegiance. How ever, after the death of Godred, the Manxmen sent their messengers to the Isles for Reginald, and made him king, be cause he was a man of energy and of riper age. For they dreaded the weakness of Olave, for he was but a boy ten years old, and they considered that a person, who on account of his tender age, knew not how to direct himself, would be wholly incapable of governing his subjects. This was the reason why the people of Man appointed Reginald king. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

A struggle took place between Reginald Godredson and Olaf Godredson II. Reginald elder, but declared illegitimate. Olaf, younger, claiming legitimate succession. (Frances Coakley)

In the year 1205, John de Courcy, recovering his strength, collected a large force, and was accompanied by Reginald, King of the Isles, with nearly one hundred ships, to Ulster. Putting into the port called Strangford, they laid siege, but carelessly, to the fort of Rath. Walter do Lacy came upon them with a large army, and totally routed them; aiid after that time John do Courcy never recovered his pos sessions. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

Reginald gave his brother Olave a certain island called Lewis, which is said to be more extensive than the other islands, but thinly peopled, because it is mountainous and rocky, and almost totally unfit for cultivation. The inhabitants live mostly by hunting and fishing. Olave took possession of this island and dwelt there; living, how ever, very scantily. Finding that the island could not support himself and his followers, he went frankly to his brother Reginald, who was then residing in the Isles, and spoke to him as follows: You know, my brother and king, that the kingdom of the Isles was mine by hereditary right, but as the Lord chose you for its governor, I do not grudge it you, nor am I discontented because you have been raised to the supreme dignity of king. I now therefore beg that you will allot me hand somewhere in the Isles sufficient for my own decent maintenance and that of my followers, for the island of Lewis which you gave me is unequal to my support. When Reginald had heard this, he promised to take advice on the subject, and return an answer to the petition next day. When next day had dawned, and Olave had conic by summons, to speak with the king, Reginald ordered him to be seized, bound, and carried in chains to William, King of Scotland, to be kept prisoner by that Sovereign. This order was executed, and Olave remained prisoner with the King of Scotland nearly seven years. In the seventh year, William, king of Scotland, died, and was succeeded by his son Alexander. Before his death, however, William gave directions for the liberation of all who were confined in his prisons. Olave then, having his chains removed, and being restored to liberty, went to Man to his brother Reginald, and shortly afterwards set out with a considerable attendance of men of rank for the shrine of St. James. Returning from the pilgrimage, he again visited his brother Reginald, by whom he was received in a friendly manner. At that time Reginald caused his brother Olave to marry Lanon' the daughter of a certain man of rank of Kintyre, sister to his own wife, and gave him the afore said island of Lewis, whether Olave, taking leave of his brother, went with his wife, amid dwelt there. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

A short time 1225 after this, Reginald received from the people of Man 100 merks under the pretence of going to the court of the Lord King of England, but he went to the court of Alan, Lord of Galloway. At the same time he gave his daughter in marriage to the son of Alan. When the Manxmen heard of this they were greatly incensed, and sending for Olave appointed him king. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

In 1228 Alan of Galloway invaded the Isle of Man and fought a sea-war against Norway in support of Reginald, Prince of Man, who was engaged in a fratricidal struggle with his brother Olaf for possession of the island. Alan died in 1234 and is buried at Dundrennan Abbey in Galloway. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

En dotter utan namn blev gift med Thomas av Galloway. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, doc 55)

Ragnvald gift NN OF KINTYRE 1186. NN (dotter till Kenneth (Ruaídrí) OF ARGYLL) föddes 1170 i Kintyre, Skottland; dog 1230 i Isle of Man, England. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Ragnvald gift NN OF KINTYRE [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Noteringar:

Den siste norske kungen på Isle of Man, England 1252-1265.

Andra Händelser:

• Bott i: 1292, Trondhjem, Sør-Trøndelag, Norge

Noteringar:

Förutsatt att Olav Svartes dotter Maud/Magnhild var legitim, måste hon ha varit född senare än 1228. Hon hade tre bröder, Harald II som drunknade på sin bröllopsresa 1248, Reginald IV som blev mördad 1249, kung Magnus som dog 1265 utan arvingar samt en syster Afreca. Med hänvisning till Barfod-släktens stamtavla, nedtecknad någon gång mellan 1660-1743, var Hallsten Torleifsson son till Torleif och Maud/Magnhild. Hallsten Torleifsson hade samma vapen i sitt sigill som kung Magnus, moderns broder. I en bok av år 1811 av den skotske juristen J. Johnson, kom en prinsessa Maud till Nidaros för att göra krav på Isle of Mans tron. Det är osannolikt att Hallsten Torleifsson skulle ha blivit riddare och kungsman utan att ha varit av kungssläkt. (Fra Skanke-slektens historie, sid 10-11, G.V.C. Young, 1986)

Vid freden i Perth 1266 avstod Magnus Lagaböte öarna Isle of Man och Hebriderna till Alexander III av Skottland mot en engångssumma på 4000 mark sterling och en årlig avgift på 100 mark. Den norske ärkebiskopen behåller alla sina klerikala rättigheter även i det avträdda området. Det var icke populärt bland befolkningen på öarna och resulterade i ett uppror 1275 som slutade med förlust för upprorsmakarna. En tid efter nederlaget emigrerade sonen Hallstein Torleifsson till Norge och Maud själv säges ha följt efter till sonen till Norge 1292. Då är sannolikt maken Torleif redan död. (Fra Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young, 1986 och En nordisk kronologi, Alf Henrikson)

År 1292 flyttade prinsessan Maud (Matilda) de flesta av de gamla laghandlingarna från Isle of Man till Trondheim i Norge, där de senare förstördes vid en brand. (J. Johnson)

Magnhild gift Torleif Haraldsson OF ISLE OF MAN 1265 i Isle of Man, England. Torleif (son till Harold Godredson OF ISLE OF MAN) föddes 1228 i Isle of Man, England; dog 1290. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Noteringar:

Amiralska och baronessa i Montacute, Somerset, England

Noteringar:

Kung 1230 på Isle of Man, England.

Olaf (Svarte) and Godred (son of Reginald) arrived 1230 together in the Norwegian fleet, and immediately divided the kingdom between themselves. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 37)

Godred Don har varit kung på Isle of Man, och jag bedömer att han varit medregent 1230 till Olof II Gudrödsson, som var kung 1226-1237. (Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Hull, England).

Familj/Make/Maka: Okänd. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Andra Händelser:

• Bott i: 1276, Norge

Noteringar:

Riddare, riksråd i Norge 1303-1324, syssloman i Jämtland 1326-1333.

Hallstens Torleifsson var troligen född på Isle of Man, där såväl Hallsten som hans far sannolikt hade blivit kungar om inte norske kungen Magnus Lagaböte vid freden i Perth (vid en vik ovanför Edinburgh, Skottland), år 1266 hade tvingats avstå öarna Isle of Man och Hebriderna till den skotske kungen Alexander III.
Att komma under skotskt styre var inte populärt bland befolkningen på öarna och resulterade i ett uppror år 1275, som dock slutade med förlust för upprorsmakarna.
En tid efter nederlaget emigrerade Hallsten och sannolikt också hans moder till Norge medan fadern uppges ha dött i Skottland.

Hallsten var gift efter 1354 med Sigrid Håkonsdotter, som var dotter till norska riksrådet och sysslomannen i Ringerike, Herr Håkon Ogmundsson Bolt, men hon kan inte vara moder till sonen Nils Hallstensson. Sigrid var gift första gången med Ogmund (Hirdt Jore) Guttormsson, 1280-1355, riddare och hirdstjore, nämnd 1339-1354 i Norge, och de hade en son Olaf, som levde cirka 1320-1364. (Norsk Släkthistorisk Tidskrift VII, 1940, Henning Sollied och Norsk slektshistorisk tidsskrift, XXXI, 1987).

Inget är känt om Hallsten förrän han år 1303 i Nidaros (Trondheim) nämns som kongsmann under kung Håkon VI (Magnus Lagabötes son).
Hallsten är känd i två diplom år 1303: Det ena då han tillsammans med riddaren Audun Vigleiksson kungör för Verdalsborna, i kung Håkon VI:s namn, en dom och det andra där han med riksråden baron Bjarne Erlingsson till Bjarköy, baron Erling Amundsson och baron Snare Aslaksson har uppdraget att fullfölja domen.

Han var riddare och norskt riksråd 1303-1324. Som sitt sigill använde han då Isle of Mans kungliga sigill, det sigill som hade använts av kungarna på Isle of Man sedan mitten av 1200-talet och som än i dag är öns officiella statsvapen. Det har endast återfunnits hos Hallsten och hans son Nils Hallstensson om än i spegelvänd form för Nils. Noterbart är att den norske kungen Magnus Barfot, 1073-1103, använde samma vapen (de tre benen).

Hallsten var mellan 1326 och 1333 syssloman i Jämtland. I juli 1326 gav kung Magnus VII Eriksson av Norge-Sverige, Hallstein och lagman Arne i uppdrag att undersöka klagomål framställda av ärkebiskop Olav i Uppsala. Olav hade jurisdikation över Jämtland trots att Jämtland på den tiden var en del av Norge.

Hallstens uppgifter som syssloman var grundat på att den norske kungen behövde en representant i Jämtland för att styra denna del av Norge. Som regel bodde sysslomannen (fogden) på kungsgården på Frösön. Han uppträdde med mycken ståt. På sina resor åtföljdes han av ett stort följe för vilket bönderna fick hålla både skjuts och traktering. Fogden hade stor makt och myndighet, han tog upp skatt och förvaltade de kungliga egendomarna samt svarade för ordning och säkerhet i landet, ledde förhandlingarna på tinget och kungjorde dess beslut. Han ombesörjde utskrivning av krigsfolk och höll mönstring vid vapentingen. Inte sällan frestades han att missbruka sin ställning för egen fördel. Då han hade både skatteindrivning och rättsväsenet i sin hand, låg det nära till hands att utdöma högre böter, som han sedan stoppade i sin egen ficka. När fogden hade landskapet i förläning var faran för godtycke ännu större.

Hallsten var riddare och det var de främsta bland de adliga krigarna, som dubbades av kungen. Riddarna betjänades av adliga väpnare och småsvenner. Riddarväsendets anda var chevaleresk. Trohet, heder och ära framställdes som höga ideal. Till riddarnas plikter hörde att skydda de svaga. I första hand kom detta att gälla kvinnorna, och de hyllades tillsammans med kampen och äventyret i sånger och romaner. En ringa del av denna kontinentala riddardiktning nådde i sent och stympat skick fram till vårt land. Genom sina väl behärskade rörelser ville riddarna framstå som ett föredöme i värdighet och sinnesjämvikt inför mängden. Den nya stormansklassen var väl medveten om sitt värde och sin plats i samhällshierarkin och fann ett sätt att uttrycka sin exklusivitet i bild. Det skedde genom heraldiken, genom vapensköldar och andra tecken.

Hallsten syns ha haft sitt säte på det gamla hövdingabostället Egge vid Steinkjer i Tröndelag och var död cirka år 1345.

Att notera
Hallsten betraktas som upphovet till Skanke-ätten i Jämtland och övriga Norden. Skanke-ättens ursprung från Isle of Man diskuteras fortfarande livligt och källorna är bristfälliga. Som ett ytterligare belägg för att ätten kommer från Isle of Man är att Hallstens moder Magnhild (Maud) år 1292 flyttade de flesta av de gamla laghandlingarna från Isle of Man till Trondheim i Norge, där de dock senare förstördes vid en brand.
(1. The three legs go to Scandinavia, och Fra Skanke-slektens historie, Isle of Man 1986, Barney Young, Isle of Man. 2. Det norske folks historie, P. A. Munch. 3. Jämten 1969, C.R. Carlsson. 4. JHH:I, Ahnlund. 5. Skanke-ätten. 6. Herje Skuncke, 1978.)

Professor Ahnlund skriver att han med stöd av kronologien inte anser uteslutet att riddaren Hallsten Torleifsson, (1272-1345), som var i full verksamhet vid 1300-talets ingång, kan ha varit systerson till Magnus Håkonsson Lagaböter (1238-1280), som var son till Håkan IV den Äldre (1204-1263). Man erinrar sig Magnus Erikssons förmyndarregerings aktningsfulla sätt att titulera honom å kungens vägnar. Ahnlund fortsätter med upplysningen att Hallsten Torleifssons och dennes sons egendomliga vapen på ett överraskande sätt verkar överenstämma med kungariket Isle of Mans vapen. Och vidare, att en dotter till kung Håkan IV i Norge före äktenskapet, Cecilia Håkonsdotter (1223-1248), år 1246 förmäldes med kung Harald Olovsson av Isle of Man, och att hon omkom jämte honom under en segling på havet. Ahnlund åberopar också att de för Sverige unika målningarna i Hackås kyrkas absid talar för att Skånkeätten har norskt ursprung. (JHH:I:606, Ahnlund)

Egge ligger högt på en kulle i den nordliga delen av Steinkjer och var hövdingesäte i Tröndelag för bland annat Olve och Kalv Arneson. Där finns i dag för visning fylkesmannagården och Egge museum. (Eget besök).

Hallstein gift Sigrid Håkonsdotter BOLT 1299 i Egge, Steinkjer, Danmark. Sigrid (dotter till Håkon Ogmundsson BOLT och Elin LAURITSDATTER) föddes 1281 i Ringerike, Buskerud, Norge; dog 1363 i Steinkjer, Tröndelag, Norge. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Andra Händelser:

• Bott i: 1250, Norge

Noteringar:

Harold var Kung på Isle of Man, England 1249-1250.

In the year 1249, Reginald (II) began to reign on the 6th of May, and on the 30th of the same month, he was slain by the knight Ivar and his accomplices, in a meadow near the church of the Holy Trinity at Rushen. He was buried in the church of St. Mary of Rushen. After his death Harold, son of Godred Don, began to reign in Man. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

1249, Harold, the son of Godred Don, usurping the name and dignity of king in Man, drove out nearly all the chiefs of Harold, Olave's son, and in their stead made the fugitives who had joined him chiefs and nobles. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 46)

In 1250, when Harold was summoned to Norway, he acted still in the capacity of trustee or vicegerent, with which he had been invested by King Hácon, in bringing the third son of King Olaf to Man, supported by a Norwegian force. He wounded, however, the sensibility of the Manx in making use of his royal title, and the Chronicle relates how the enterprise failed. After that time it seems that Eogan resigned the title as well as his allegiance to Norway; because, in a letter still preserved, issued by him in the year 1251, he styles himself only 'Eogan, knight, son of Duncan of Argyle'; and in 1263 he appears as the subject and decided partizan of Alexander III. We learn, however, from the Saga, that not till then did he resign his fiefs. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 46)

There seems to have been a conspiration between Harold the son of Godred and Sir Ivar, because, in a letter issued by King Henry of England on the 21st of April 1256, an order is given to all authorities not to receive Harold or Ivar, who had shame-fully murdered King Reginald, nor their accomplices of this Sir Ivar, however, nothing more is known, maybe he belonged to the royal family of the Isles. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, notes 45)

In the year 1275, on the 7th day of the month of October, a fleet of the Lord Alexander King of Scotland, put into Ronaldsway, and on the following day, before sunrise, a battle was fought between the Manxmen and the Scots, in which the Scots prevailing slew 537 Manxmen. (Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys)

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Källa:
- Skanke-slektens historie, G.V.C. Young
- Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, P. A. Munch

Familj/Make/Maka: Okänd. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]

Andra Händelser:

• Allmänt:: Väpnare och storman i Mjälle, Frösön och i Hackås, Jämtland.

Familj/Make/Maka: Kristina HALVARDSDATTER SMØR. Kristina (dotter till Hallvard OGMUNDSSON) föddes 1305 i Norge; dog 1360 i Våle, Hackås, Jämtland, Sverige. [Familjeöversikt] [Familjediagram]